Mechanical Engineering Project

Hey all,

this is my Project Title and Spec..


NR7
Name of student: Mundhar Suhail Ali AL SHIBANI
Department of Technology – Beng (Hons) Mechanical Engineering
Project title - Thrust Washer
Project Tutor – Nathalie Renevier
Academic year – 2006 - 2007

Introduction
In my project, I will test various materials and lubricants using a well-known tribological thrust Washer test rig. My goal is to assess friction and wear of the various materials under various conditions (loads, speed, lubrication, materials).

Aims
- Use Thrust washer test rig for the evaluation of various materials and lubricants
- Use of a profilometer to assess surface topography before and after wear testing
- Use friction load cell and data recorder to evaluate friction
- Apply tribological concepts to determine specific wear rates and friction of various materials tested under various conditions.

Information
- Information regarding the use of Thrust Washer will be taken from website (http://bearings.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Mechanical_Components/Bearings_Bushings/Thrust_Washer)
- Information regarding the use of profilometry for wear assessment will be taken from the Taylor Hobson manual or website (http://www.taylor-hobson.com)
- Additional information will be found in the Tribological course and http://www.tribology-abc.com
- Edin E. Balić and Thierry A. Blanchet Wear, Vol. 259 (2005) PP 876-881.
- P. J. Kelly, R. D. Arnell, M. D. Hudson, A. E. J. Wilson and G. Jones Vacuum, Vol. 61 (2001) PP 61-74.

Theory
Thrust Washer Friction
Achard Law Hertizien pressure contact
Specific Wear rate Project management
Excel software Lubrication regime

Design
- I will create a design of experiments that will take into account all the critical parameters (ie, load, speed, environment)
- Wear loss will be measured by 2 means (weight and profilometry), specific wear rate will be calculated using tribological equations and both methodologies will be compared.

Applications
- Test samples will need to be surface finished before use (no more than ½ day workshop technician time).
-
- Information on wear of materials measured during the project will recorded in a database.
- Health and safety hazards are only contained in the manipulation of lubricants, appropriate equipment will be provided.

Tests
- Data base will be created reporting best wear resistant materials and lower friction tested in various conditions.
- Excel model will be used to calculate wear rate and used to create the data.

Risks
During the project, I have identified that may be some problems will arise which could affect the whole process with regard to time allocation, so to attempe to anticipate and downsize the problem below is the list of possible problems,
a) Insufficient time management regarding resource availability
b) Equipment breakdown including the Thrust Washer or the Taylor Hobson surface measurement machine
c) Insufficient time management regarding lecturer availability


Project management
Nov. 06 Dec. 06 Jan. 07 Feb. 07 Mar. 07 April 07
Literature review X X X X X X
Set-up experiment
a) Sample preparation (Workshop)
b) Thrust Washer equipment set-up X X
Thrust Washer Testing X X X
Wear analysis (Taylor Hobson, White Light Interferometer) X X X
Project management M5 M6 M7
Reports R1 R2

Milestones

M1: Project specification and plan must be handed in on 30/10/2006
M2: The progress report must be handed in on 11/12/2006
M3: The progress interview on 15/01/2007
M4: The project must be handed on 30/04/2007

Other milestones
M5: Experimental Set-up completed
M6: Wear Testing Completed
M7: Wear analysis completed

Resources

- All information required is either located at the library, on web sites, books, course materials or manual.
- I will be the sole user of the Thrust washer test rig, I may have to share with other member of staff in the tribology group from time to time. If organised, this should not be a problem.



Student signature: NOT ON WEB


Tutor signature: NOT ON WEB


Date: 30/10/06

Mechanical Engineering Projects

Right now all the student are working on there Final Projects Title and Spicfications

Aircraft

In the past, there was no air transport, only land and offshore transportations were available, the is due the technology of design and material which engineers have got, and in one day air transports were available, but there was many major problems with the aircrafts, this is all because the design and material of the aircraft was made off, the first materials which were mainly used was wood and linen fabric. Then years passed, aircrafts started to be more safe and useful, aircraft industries used aluminum alloy, and more years passed industries started to use stainless steel and titanium, which was farther more safe and good

In the aircrafts components the first main part is the fuselage or the airframe which is mostly made now from titanium or fibers of glass, carbon graphite or boron, it’s the core of the aircraft, and the wing and tail are attached to it therefore it must be very strong. Most wings are made from stainless steel and mixture of titanium, the design of the wing is long and almost flat underneath, so the air can move faster under it and produce more pressure on it, so there is less pressure above the wing. The material and design of the plane is light and sharp, so it can fly easily and reduce the drag fore.

Overall as we can see that the most important of making the airplanes fly in a good performance it’s the design of it and the material used on it, without any of those, major problems can happen, so to avoid this things, engineers must use the right material and the correct design to give more lift, avoid all harmful rays and all other factors.

PART ONE: ~

*Air Frame: the whole of an aircraft without its engines, it’s the body which protects and holds all the aircraft components.

*Jet Engines: it is used to suck high amounts of air and to compress the air and the result is high power of thrust.

*Wings: ~ are long pieces of metal and its function is to equalize the plan during flight, wings consists of: ~
-Spoiler: its function is to reduce the speed and stop the plan while landing.
-Flap: its function is to increase the lift or drag, and it’s used to reduce landing speed.
-Ailerons: its function is to allow the plan to roll left or right and bank during flight.

*Fin: ~ it is a long vertically wing and it consists of: ~
-Rudder: its function is to move the nose of the plane left or right.

*Tail Plane: ~ it is a short wing, its function is to produce lift and balance the plane, and it consists of: ~
-Elevator: its function is to move the nose of the plane up or down.

*Wheels: are huge circles of tire and its function is to support the whole weight of the plane and to move the plane on the land during landing and takeoff.


PART TWO: ~

The component parts: ~
-Wings consist of spoiler, flap, aileron, leading edge flap, port navigation light, landing lights and fuel tanks.
-Fin consists of rudder.
-Tail plane consists of elevator.

Locate components: ~
-Wings are located in the middle of the aircraft, ailerons and flaps are located in the rear edge of each wing.
-Jet engines are located just under the first point of the wing.
-Fin is located vertically at the end of the plane; rudder is connected to it just behind it.
-Tail Plane is located horizontally at the end of the plane and elevator is connected to it just behind it.
-Wheels: one is located just down in front of the plane and the other two wheels are located under the wings.

Connect components: ~
Almost all of the wings fin and tail plane are connected with long strong bolts and hinges, except part of the wings, fin and tail plane are connected to the airframe by welding.
-wheels are connected by flywheel and flywheel is joined to the landing gear shaft by bolts.

Material: ~
-Totally all of the aircraft components are made from high light strong aluminum or mixture of titanium, except some other parts like the wheels which are made from strong heat resistance rubber.

Purpose: ~
-The frame is made from light aluminum and the plane almost looks like a bird, the purpose is to increase the speed of the plane during flight, increase the lifting force and to reduce the drag force from the plane.


PART THREE: ~

*What is it called?
-It is called aircraft known as Boeing 747.

*What is it function?
-Its function is to travel thro air and to takeoff and land during each flight.

Industrial Visit (Steel Plant)

Steel Plant Visit Report

On the 3rd of January 2006 at 9:40 am we visited the steel plant located in rusail.
The name of the steel plant is “modern steel mills” the objective of the visit is to know how the main product is manufactured . It is called “billet”; it is a metal used for constructing buildings.

Here is a detailed explanation of the manufacturing process:-

First the scrap iron is coolectted from local resources and from outside the country like dubai in the u.a.e.. The iron scrap is delivered to the plant to process it and to make the main product. In the plant the iron scrap is deployed in the scrap yard. Next the scrap is carried up/left up by an electromagnet (magnet that uses eletricity to function). It is delivered to a thing that got a shape like of a ‘coffe cup’,big in size and it is called ‘bucket’ or ‘ladle’ and put into it. Than the iron scrap is transferred to the Arc furnace and thrown/poured into it. The Arc furnace got a temperature of about 1600c° centigrade. The scrap is melted in the furnace because the charge is heated by electric arcs from three carbon electrodes which are lowred throught the roof of the furnace. The lower ends of the electrodes do not touch the steel but the electric currnet jumps across to the steel in continues sparks, or arcs, whose intense heat rapidly melts the scrap. As soon the iron scrap is melted,the additives are added. After that it is being transferrd to the quality control unite by special pipes so that the iron is refined[Tempered]. Finally the iron is extracted in a form of a final product which is called “billet” used to constract buildings,it is being cooled down with water and air ,when done it is placed in stacks to make it ready for cargo /shipping.


Metallurgical quality control used to control the manufacturing process of the product and to keep it at standard quality, so to control the heat of the furnace by reducing high improper heat via the usage of CO2 .



The management is to control the business of the company; therefore the raw materials should be cheap or on a reasonable price to get it. the company gets its scrap iron from many local resources, but mainly it is imported from “Dubai” in the U.A.E. Other additives like co2 gas is provided from “M.H.D” company, other additives are imported
From china and many other countries



HSE policies

In this factory we have observed some advantages and disadvantages in health safety environment (HSE).

HSE Advantages founds:

The factory use electricity for its process.
the spatial glass used to protect the employees in side the control room and power room.

Disadvantages:
The employees were careless about personal protection equipment + (ppe) such as masks over all safety boots and gloves. The factory produces
pollution (smoke, noise).
No assembly point, no emergency care plans or prcotion

Resourse and refrence:
Children’s Britannica Volume 10

This is a group work report by:

1- Mundhir Al shaibani
2- Hamed Al Barwani
3- Abdulah Al Shidhani
4- Kalphan Al Mubsali
5- Abdin Mohamed

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